Thematic Critical Paper Essay Example for Free

Thematic Critical Paper Essay Two stories, â€Å"Miss Brill† by Katherine Mansfield and â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner, are stories about two women’s lives, so different and yet so similar. Mansfield’s Miss Brill is a character which does not provide us with many details about itself. This is a woman who goes to the same park every Sunday to observe the same people, and is not given by the author any particular details to her appearance or character. The only exact thing we know about her from the story is that she is a teacher. Also the conversation of a young couple in the end of the story gives us a little idea of the Miss Brill’s age.   Here â€Å"No, not now, said the girl. Not here, I cant. But why? Because of that stupid old thing at the end there? asked the boy. Why does she come here at allwho wants her? Why doesnt she keep her silly old mug at home?† (Mansfield 124) the dialogue gives a feeling that Miss Brill is probably a woman in her late forties.   So, the character of this story is not a strong individuality at all, but is more like a â€Å"mirror-character†, which only â€Å"reflects† the story. And though the reader seems can read only about one small episode of Miss Brill’s life, it is vividly understood from the context, that this short episode is actually a â€Å"photocopy† of her whole, everyday routine. This woman seems doesn’t exist. The author shows a human being, living in the society, but there are no interests, dear things, personal ideas or thoughts brought in there with her. â€Å" It was like a play. It was exactly like a play.†¦ They were all on the stage. They werent only the audience, not only looking on; they were acting. Even she had a part and came every Sunday† (Mansfield 122). In Faulkner’s story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† we are told the life story of Miss Emily Grierson. Unlike in â€Å"Miss Brill† we find here more facts about her life events. We find some information about her background, her â€Å"noblesse oblige† (Faulkner 72), about her relatives, about her personal life, about her life activities, like china-painting etc. Not a small episode of Emily’s life is described, but the author shows us its different stages, periods and accompanying them events. Nevertheless, it does not help us to reveal the Emily’s character. We know nothing about her feelings, her thoughts and ideas about her life events. We meet no comments of hers as to the things happening with her in the story. We only can observe some changes in her appearance with the time flowing, but we are completely unaware of the character’s inner world. We can find and read the judgmental statements or ideas as to Emily’s life, what it must be or mustn’t be like, of those surrounding her, like â€Å" So we were not surprised when Homer Barronthe streets had been finished some time sincewas gone. We were a little disappointed that there was not a public blowing-off, but we believed that he had gone on to prepare for Miss Emilys coming, or to give her a chance to get rid of the cousins†¦.Sure enough, after another week they departed. And, as we had expected all along, within three days Homer Barron was back in town†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Faulkner 73). All these â€Å"we were not surprised†, â€Å"we were a little disappointed†, â€Å"we believed†, â€Å"we had expected† show us that mainly this is a society, which â€Å"forms† a personality and presents it to the world, but not the personality itself grows and develops. So, to conclude it can be said that though the stories describe two different women, two different lives, different sets of circumstances, they still both tell us about people who seem to live in the society,   but at the same time they are isolated and all alone. They are closed to the world, and their inner world is a mystery known by nobody. Are these two women rare examples of the lost souls? Or are they usual people we come across with everyday? That is a question the stories make us think about. Works cited Inge, M. Thomas, ed. William Faulkner: A Rose for Emily. The Merrill Literary Casebook Series. Columbus: Charles E. Merrill, 1970. Mansfield, Katherine. Miss Brill. Literature: Reading, Reacting, Writing. Eds. Kirszner, Laurie G,and Stephen R Mandell, 5th ed. Boston: Wadesworth, 2004.

Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell Policy Essay -- US Military

Today’s military is a unique force in my opinion. What makes the US Military so unique is that we have an all volunteer force. With that volunteer force there are rules and regulations that need to be followed because serving our country is a privilege. The 'Don't Ask, Don't Tell' policy is claiming that even though it may be considered an infringement on human rights and freedom of expression, it protects the rights of the rest of the military and opens a loophole for gay men and women to serve in the armed forces. Other countries have successfully integrated gay men and women into their militaries and compared the treatment of other "minority" groups in the military. Is the â€Å"Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell† policy really effective or even necessary for our militaries? The â€Å"Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell† policy means that service men and women are not questioned about their sexual orientation, and they are not to talk about their sexual orientation. In 1993 U. S. Congress passed a federal law forbidding the military service of openly gay men and women serving in the military. Even though Congrees created the law, it was up to the military leadership to carry it out. Opposing viewpoints states: (Wagner) In the early 1990s, large numbers of military personnel were opposed to letting openly gay men and lesbians serve. President Bill Clinton, who promised to lift the ban during his campaign, was overwhelmed by the strength of the opposition, which threatened to overturn any executive action he might take. The compromise that came to be known as "don't ask, don't tell" was thus a useful speed bump that allowed temperatures to cool for a period of time while the culture continued to evolve. The unit cohesion is premised on the assumption that ... ...gal Reason to Appeal the DADT Ruling." RSN Freethought San Marcos 21 October 2010, Print. Lochhead, Carolyn. "Democrats aim to repeal 'Don't Ask, Don't Tell'; Obama supports lifting the ban on open gays in military." San Francisco Chronicle 23 July 2008: A1. Print. O'Keefe, Ed. "Minorities disproportionately discharged for 'don't ask, don't tell' violations." Washington Post 17 August 2010, Print. Schwartz, John. "Ban on Gays In the Military Stays in Effect." New York Times 13 Nov. 2010: A10 (L). Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Web. 15 Nov. 2010. Service members Legal Defense Network, ""Conduct Unbecoming: Sixth annual report on Don't ask, don't tell, don't pursue, don't harass.† (2000): 1. Print. Whitlock, Craig, and Greg Jaffe. "Pentagon supports ending 'don't ask, don't tell' law for gays in military." Washington Post 3 February 2010, Print.

Enforceable Contracts

Six Essential Elements of an Enforceable Contract In normal everyday life contracts are utilized for various situations and reasons. Some contracts are more binding as compared to others based on the six elements of offer, acceptance, consideration, the parties’ capacity to contract, the parties’ intent to contract and the object of the contract. This paper examines the above mentioned elements using a contract existing between a customer and a phone dealer.The phone dealer dealt with used but clean phones and because the customer could not afford a new phone, he approached the phone dealer who promised to deliver a functional and clean used smart phone at the price of $74 after two days. The payment was to be made after the delivery of the phone but on the condition that the phone would be fully functional and the customer could return the phone within the following week if it developed any problem.On the appointed day, the phone dealer delivered the phone as promised and the customer made the payment as he had promised too. After two days of using the phone the customer started to experience so many complications with the phone and it finally went off completely. When he returned the phone to the phone dealer, the dealer told him that once the phone was sold the customer could not return it. When the customer threatened to sue him for breach of contract, the dealer affirmed that there were no grounds because there was no written contract.The customer however went on with the suit because though the verbal contract between them was initially fulfilled through the delivery of the phone within the appointed time, it was breached when the dealer refused to accept back the phone within the agreed grace period. A breach of contract is defined as any form of violation that occurs on conditions contained in an enforceable contract. To ascertain the breach of contract the first step is affirming that a contract existed between the customer and the phone dealer. This can be done using the six elements of a contract.The phone can be identified as the object of the contract because it is legal ascertaining the enforceable nature of the contract. As per the first element the verbal offer of providing the phone within two days at $74 can be recognized as part of the binding contract between the two regardless of the fact that it was written. Under acceptance or genuine assent, the customer engaged in expressed acceptance of the offer within the stipulated conditions set by the dealer. The mutual promise between the customer and the phone dealer to eet their sides of the contract can be equated to consideration. Both the customer and the dealer had the capacity to contract because none was coerced into the agreement. The fact that both agreed to enter into the contract considering all the stipulated conditions, shows their intent to enter into the contract. The above clearly indicates that though no written contract existed between the d ealer and the customer, a verbal contract existed between the two of them and the dealer breached the contract by refusing to honor one of the stipulated conditions in the contract.The major two remedies that could be utilized to counter the breach of contract could be the dealer accepting back the phone and issuing the customer with another phone or refunding back his money as an out of court settlement because a court settlement can prove to be very expensive both on the dealer and the customer or the customer can go ahead and sue with the aim of acquiring a court settlement of the issue now that the dealer was unwilling to accept the first remedy.Though this would be costly on both of them, though the customer has better chances of winning the case because he can easily prove that though a verbal contract existed between them, it could be identified as an enforceable contract using the six essential elements of an enforceable contract. Based on this evidence the court will defini tely find the phone dealer guilty of breach of contract because he did not meet one of the major conditions of the contract between him and the customer.This will culminate into a stiffer punishment for the dealer which would have been avoided if he met all the conditions of the contract initially. In conclusion, though a verbal contract existed between the dealer and the customer, it can still be identified as an enforceable contract using the six essential elements of an enforceable contract and hence the phone dealer is liable for the breach of contract. References: Adamson, J. E. (2012). Law for business and personal use. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning.

Children’s Functional Health Pattern Assessment Essay

Children’s Functional Health Pattern Assessment Functional Health Pattern Assessment (FHP) Toddler Erickson’s Developmental Stage: Autonomy versus shame and doubt Preschool-Aged Erickson’s Developmental Stage: Initiative versus guilt School-Aged Erickson’s Developmental Stage: Industry Versus inferiority Pattern of Health Perception and Health Management: List two normal assessment findings that would be characteristic for each age group. List two potential problems that a nurse may discover in an assessment of each age group. â€Å"Toddlers depend on their parents/caregivers for health management, overall health influenced by their parents† (Edelman Mandle, 2010).†¦show more content†¦Increasing too much milk intake Decreasing nutritional intake† (Edelman Mandle, 2010). â€Å"Increased consumption of fats and processed foods with decreased exercise/activity has contributed to obesity, type 2 diabetes in children† (Edelman Mandle, 2010). â€Å"Pain from dental caries, infection, poorly cared teeth affect appetite and chewing ability, impacts future nutritional status† (Edelman Mandle, 2010). â€Å"School age children with poor nutrition are at risk for: obesity, high blood pressure, sleep problems, diabetes, orthopedic problems, and heart disease† (Edelman Mandle, 2010). â€Å"Access to food, mass media, and contemporary busy lifestyles play role in poor food choices† (Edelman Mandle, 2010). Pattern of Elimination: List two normal assessment findings that would be characteristic for each age group. List two potential problems that a nurse may discover in an assessment of each age group. â€Å"Parents waiting for their toddler is ready to be toilet trained truly will make the experience for everyone more pleasant. Toddlers empty bladder less frequent, begin to develop voluntary control or urination, full control comes later† (Edelman Mandle, 2010). â€Å"Parents praise child for desired behavior. Introduce underwear as badge of success. Anticipate toddler may touch his/her genitals†Show MoreRelatedChildrens Functional Health Pattern Assessment2087 Words   |  9 PagesChildren’s Functional Health Pattern Assessment Functional Health Pattern Assessment (FHP) | Toddler Erickson’s Developmental Stage: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt Toddlers acquire new abilities and a chance to shape self-confidence and independence. | Preschool-Aged Erickson’s Developmental Stage: Initiative vs. Guilt The longing to do what adults to creates awkward circumstances. | School-Aged Erickson’s Developmental Stage: Industry vs. Inferiority Cultivate fresh abilitiesRead MoreChildrens functional health pattern assessment5442 Words   |  22 Pagesï » ¿ Children’s Functional Health Pattern Assessment Functional Health Pattern Assessment (FHP) Toddler Erickson’s Developmental Stage: 1-3 Years old Autonomy vs shame Preschool-Aged Erickson’s Developmental Stage: 3-6 years old Initiative vs guilt School-Aged Erickson’s Developmental Stage: 6 years old-puberty Industry vs inferiority Pattern of Health Perception and Health Management: List two normal assessment findings that would be characteristic for each age group. List two potential problemsRead MoreChildren’s Functional Health Pattern Assessment Essay2881 Words   |  12 PagesChildren’s Functional Health Pattern Assessment |Functional Health Pattern |Toddler |Preschool-Aged |School-Aged | |Assessment (FHP) |Erickson’s Developmental Stage: |Erickson’s Developmental Stage: |Erickson’s Developmental Stage: | |Pattern of Health Perception and|Toddlers rely on their parents for|Preschoolers now have anRead MoreFamily Health Assessment1252 Words   |  6 PagesFamily Health Assessment A family health assessment is an important tool in formulating a health care plan for a family. This paper will discuss the nurse’s role in family assessment and how this task is performed. A nurse has an important role in health promotion. To perform these tasks the author has chosen a nuclear family. By the use of family focused open ended questions, 11 functional health patterns were covered. This principle is known as the Gordon’s functional health patterns. ThisRead MoreEssay on Family Health Assessment1257 Words   |  6 PagesFamily Health Assessment A family health assessment is an important tool in formulating a health care plan for a family. This paper will discuss the nurse’s role in family assessment and how this task is performed. A nurse has an important role in health promotion. To perform these tasks the author has chosen a nuclear family. By the use of family focused open ended questions, 11 functional health patterns were covered. This principle is known as the Gordon’s functional health patterns. ThisRead MoreEssay on Family Focused Health Assessment Questions - Lou Ann Lake1299 Words   |  6 PagesFamily Focused Health Assessment L. L. Grand Canyon University August 11, 2013 Family Focused Health Assessment As the society we live in continues to transform, nurses need a comprehensive tool to assess family’s health patterns. Family units are influenced by environment, biological, mental, social and spiritual factors. Assessing these areas for health promotion and disease prevention will take all of these influences into consideration (Edelman amp; Mandle, 2010). A priority toRead MoreGordons 11 Functional Health Patterns1649 Words   |  7 PagesGordons 11 Functional Health Patterns Family Health Assessment Introduction This assessment used Gordons functional health patterns to assess Mayards family. This method was developed by Marjorie Gordon back in 1987. It acts as a guide for establishing comprehensive nursing data ADDIN EN.CITE Andrews1993318(Andrews Andrews, 1993)31831817Andrews, M.A., Andrews, J.R. . Family-centered techniques: Integrating enablement into the IFSP process. JCCD,Journal of Childhood Communication DisordersRead MoreFamily Health Promotion1400 Words   |  6 Pagesbe successful in its role towards family health promotion, it is important to familiarize itself with the Gordon’s eleven functional health patterns. These patterns serve as basis for nursing diagnosis and health promotion. It focuses on how developmental tasks are completed by the family, it assist with learning about health perception and beliefs; it also assists the nurse to formulate health promotional goals and ways to improve family’s overall health practices (Edelman amp; Mandle, 2010). ThisRead MoreAn Overview of Childhood Leukemia704 Words   |  3 Pagesis being required to donate a kidney to her sister. Functional Assessments Health Perception/Health Management: Despite the fact that she needs a kidney transplant, Kate wishes to see herself as normal and develop as a normal adolescent. Nutrition/Metabolic: A healthy diet for someone with leukemia is similar to that of the everyday population (Suszynski 2011). Kate must modify her diet, however, given her failing kidney. Pattern of Elimination: Normal until recently, given that cancerRead MoreFamily Health Assessment : Family Assessment Essay1469 Words   |  6 PagesFamily Health Assessment Family is so important in the society and it is a blessing from God. Healthy behaviors learn from within the family and family member’s stimulus one to each other with health promotion practices. There fore, the health behaviors are very essential in the family assessment and which notifies health-promotion and disease-prevention. Within families, members will be the first one to learn about to promoting health. Families have impact on children’s lifestyle choices. The American

Revenge In Beowulf And Iliad - 1605 Words

According to the Merriam- Webster dictionary Vengeance or revenge is defined as â€Å"a punishment inflicted in retaliation for an injury or offense†. Vengeance could be classified as a form of justice at times. And is seen through Beowulf and Iliad. In Beowulf, it seen through numerous characters. Revenge is a unique emotion in which is can be very motivating to accomplish a certain task, to serve for justice. In Iliad, Achilles using the feeling of Revenge to complete his journey. Comparing the two stories, vengeances is shown in both, and both stories have a unique way of related the events of the story to the events and the culture and society at the time the stories were written. Revenge in Beowulf: In Beowulf revenge is a motivating†¦show more content†¦The love a mother shares for her child is unexpectedly powerful, and although Grendel s mother may be weaker and smaller in size compared to Beowulf, she has he own advantages, as she is fighting in her own cave which was under the lake. She put up a fight under her mother’s fury, and her spike and heath of revenge as she realizes that it was Beowulf that killed her son, although Beowulf defeated her with the help of his weapons and his skills from being a warrior. Grendel’s mom was the first fight of revenge within the poem, and it served as a warning to mankind, that everyone must not fight based purely on revenge, and it will not end in favor of the city. It therefore, proves that that holding on to someone or something for long periods of time, could eventually destroy oneself mentally or physically. It is interesting to that the revenge of Grendel’s mother almost was a example to take not, th at revenge doesn’t solve our problems, this seems to be mentioned again at the end of the poem by Wiglaf. Another example of revenge seen in the poem Beowulf is the Germanic tribe. With this example, it is unique in the sense that the Germanic tribe was used in hopes of peace in Garland. Hrothgar was hoping to make peace by having his daughter marry into the Hathobards. Although upon, Beowulf return, he saw that this plan had its flaws and was unsure of the success of the plan. The last main example of revenge seen in BeowulfShow MoreRelatedEssay on Beowulf and Achilles1178 Words   |  5 PagesBeowulf and Achilles Beowulf is a story about a man named Beowulf who desired fame and fortune in life. The Iliad had a character named Achilles who is similar to Beowulf because he also desired glory. But they are two completely different stories written at different times and different places by different people. Both stories have unique qualities such as dragons in one and multi-gods in the other and that is what makes fictitious stories like these classics. Since achieving fame is aRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Beowulf 851 Words   |  4 PagesThis essay offers literary analysis of Beowulf, the oldest epic poem that has survived in English literature. It is also widely known as the earliest surviving piece of literatures in vernacular European Literature. The language of this poem is Old English, spoken by Saxon people. This poem depicts a traditional story that is a part of oral Germanic tradition. As per experts, this is work of a single poet and was composed in then England. It has been de termined by the scholars that this poem wasRead MoreLiterary Works Based On War And Heroism1003 Words   |  5 PagesLepine Instructor Lovoy English 271 June 22, 2015 In reading The Iliad and Beowulf, one can conclude they are both literary works based on war and heroism. The hero in the Iliad is Achilles, who is from Greece and is the Archaen army’s greatest warrior in the battle of the Trojan war. Beowulf, a Geatish warrior has come to help the Danes in their long fight against Grendel, showing his heroism. Both characters Achilles and Beowulf share some similar traits such as their thirst for glory, their abnormalRead MoreDeath Of The Great Mysteries Of Human Existence1187 Words   |  5 Pagesliving honorably, so that the individual may be remembered well. The Greeks trusted that their words and deeds would survive them on earth after death. This theme of death coupled with this â€Å"heroic code† can be further reviewed in Homer’s The Iliad. The Iliad is an epic poem by the Greek poet Homer, which describes some of the most significant events towards the end of the Trojan War. In particular, it recounts the acts and character of the Greek warrior, Achilles. Although Achilles wishes to liveRead MoreBeowulf Vs. Achilles Essay754 Words   |  4 PagesTasia McCoy Sophia DeSilva English 12 30 September 2015 Beowulf Vs. Achilles The Old English poem, Beowulf, doesn’t have an author. Nobody is one hundred percent sure about the history of Beowulf. All they know is that its about a warrior and a monster in conflict. Homer wrote â€Å"The Iliad,† roughly a thousand years before Beowulf. They were both a part of the ancient Greek world. Though Homer was blind, some scholars believe that a philosopher as a blind man had an exceptional inner vision. (72)Read MoreHeroes Are The People In The Society That We Admire For1048 Words   |  5 Pagesliterature, the community also shapes the heroes too. The motivation and zeal of the heroes to attain more are always shaped by their culture (Heroes and The Homeric Iliad). Social conditions and culture create the essence of the hero in which the people need at the time. In my case, I will be making a comparison of the Achilles, Beowulf, and Aeneas. All the three heroes portrayed different ideas that motivated their actions. Achilles is considered as the greatest warrior, although, he is a complexRead MoreRemarkable Minds: The Influence of Great Texts1117 Words   |  4 Pagesthe many texts represented in the curriculum several can be seen as exemplar texts which have made an important and lasting impact on society and literature. In consideration of this fact, five texts stand above the rest including The Iliad, Plato’s Republic, Beowulf, Paradise Lost, and A Modest Proposal. Each text influenced the world after it was written and continues to be taught in great detail, separating it from texts of lesser importance. The emphasis of these texts throughout the curriculumRead MoreAchilles vs Beowulf compare and contrast Essay1150 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Compare and contrast Achilles vs Beowulf The way of the warriors Achilles and Beowulf were two characters that had an amazing power that made his name lives for hundreds of years. Great warriors need some to have some specific characteristics to reach their fame because we have seem in some heroes that they have gods strong, a unique way to be and goals to achieve. Comparing the character of Achilles and Beowulf who were two of the best warrior of the history we could know if there areRead MoreBeowulf Essay : Beowulf 1473 Words   |  6 PagesHyunsu (John) Kim Prof. Hohl ENG2800 November 10, 2016 Beowulf Paper II The poem, Beowulf, explores its protagonist’s—Beowulf’s—heroism through a series of three increasingly difficult conflicts with Grendel; Grendel’s mother; and the dragon—, each of which exemplifies an aspect of the Anglo-Saxon heroic code. Beowulf’s first encounter with Grendel demonstrates the importance of reputation as a means of establishing one’s legacy, even beyond death; Beowulf’s triumph over the seemingly indomitableRead More12 Literary Piece1670 Words   |  7 Pages12 Literary piece that have Influenced the World 1. The Bible or the Sacred writings: This has become the basis of Christianity originating from Palestine and Greece 2. Koran: The Muslim bible originating from Arabia 3. The Iliad and the Odyssey: These have been the source of Myths and Legends of Greece. They were written by Homer. 4. The Mahabharata: The Longest epic of the world. It contains the history of religion in India. 5. Canterburry: it depicts the religion and customs of

Essay on Hells Kitchen and the Capeman Murder - 1185 Words

Hells Kitchen and the Capeman Murder Hells Kitchen is the section of Manhattan that is between 34th and 59th Streets and from 8th Avenue to the Hudson River. It was the home of New Yorks most dangerous criminals from the early tenement days to Prohibition to the Westies. The population consisted of poor people who lived in a disorderly fashion and expressed themselves with a demanding spirit. Mayhem and reports of criminal homicide from the late nineteenth century on supply a good idea of daily life in Hells Kitchen. These reports illustrate a neighborhood full of crime, poverty, religious worship, hard work and family commitment. Vampires, Dragons, and Egyptian Kings divided by race, ethnicity, and neighborhood boundaries†¦show more content†¦Second, during the drafting of the Civil War there was a lot of chaos and many fatal riots against the rich because they were able to buy there way out of the war, including the protest of the Conscription Act. Differences in the beliefs of these people led to a se gregated community and the creation of gangs had begun. The first neighborhood gangs were formed by the massive amount of children (often referred to as sea urchins) that became homeless after the Civil War. The Dutch Heinrichs led the 19th Street Gang and it was known as one of the most infamous cliques around. They commanded tribute from factory owners and merchants, they broke into houses and they abused and robbed strangers. The gangs leader -- Dutch Heinricks -- was incarcerated after attacking a police Captain. Thereafter came the Gophers, who were targeted for arrest after the slaying of a man named William Lennon in a bar at 45th Street and 11th Avenue, and the Dead Rabbits who lived in the filthy tenements west of 7th Avenue in the 20s and 30s. By the 1900s, 36th Street to 59th Street west of 9th Avenue became an area of dirty tenements and factories forming a depressing and dark neighborhood that carried out the nature of slum life. The murder rate (often committed by gang members) in this section of the city continuously multiplied. The practices of the local criminal and the Westies gang in the middle of theShow MoreRelatedGang Violence in New York as Presented by West Side Story958 Words   |  4 Pagesstories about these gangs in the news as well as more public awareness. One of these stories broke out during the musical’s Broadway run in 1959. In a public park in Clinton and Midtown West (also known as Hell’s Kitchen), there was a brutal murder of two young teenagers. The specific location the murders took place was between 45th and 46th streets. There were some white teenagers on the playground, and when a group of boys from three different gangs (The Vampires, the Young Lords, and the Heart Kings)

Customer Experience of Marketing Activities †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Customer Experience of Marketing Activities. Answer Project plan and structure Customer experience is an important focus of marketing activities in any industry. This is because customer experience determines the success of any product or service and the profitability of business. Marketing researchers present in competitive organization pay a lot of attention to identifying the needs and changing demands of consumers regionally and globally. This enables them to determine the factors needed for positive customer experience and a positive customer experience in turn drives customer loyalty (Gounaris 2015). Customer loyalty is maintained by providing an exceptional experience to consumers and positive customer experience is directly related to customer retention. A satisfied customers are more likely to recommend the service or product to potential consumers and affect the brand loyalty too (Nysveen and Pedersen 2014). However, the current challenges for marketing leaders is that customers are now much informed about different products and services available in market due to the advent of technologies and social media sites. Hence, all information related to product is at their finger tips now. In such case, it is challenges to constantly provide innovative customer experience to target consumers. To plan strategic factors that are necessary to improve customer experience in a dynamic and challenging business environment, there is a need to review literature on integrated customers experience and the relevant theories that drives customer experience marketing. This literature review analyzed peer reviewed journal articles by thematic analysis process and discusses the integrated customer experience under specific themes. Literature review The definition of customer experience is evolving in dynamic nature of business environment. Thematic analysis approach has been used in this literature review to search and analyze peer reviewed research article related to the topic and categorize them under key themes. The following are the themes coming out after reviewing literatures on integrated customer experience in marketing: Theories related to customer experience Many research studies have evaluated the customer-brand relationship by the application of the interpersonal relationship theory. For instance, Peter, (2014) used the interpersonal relationship theoretical framework to study about the impact of interpersonal relationship on marketing performance. It focused on social exchange theory and the uncertainty reduction theory to interpret the research data. The social exchange theory explains that give and take is necessary to strengthen any relationship, so feelings and emotions of recipient should be reciprocated to develop a good and long lasting relationship (Cropanzano et al. 2016). This concept may be applied to develop strategies for improving the customer experience too. Secondly, the uncertainty reductions theory gave idea about the stages two individual go through when they are strangers and have no knowledge about each other (Hogg, 2016). Therefore, the uncertainty reduction theory gave rise to a framework or strategies to replac e uncertainty and ambiguity with familiarity and security in an interpersonal relationship. Hence, with the use of these theories, Peter, (2014) came to the conclusion that interpersonal communication is necessary for positive influence on marketing performance. The quality of friendly interaction is one dimension of interpersonal relationship. Therefore, the study gave the implication that increased attention to relationship marketing strategies is important for sustaining customer loyalty and improving marketing performance. Changes in perception of customer experience with time: Customer experience has become a major focus in management and marketing practices. The definition of customer experience may change in different business-to-business setting. The study by McColl-Kennedy et al., (2015) provides the perspective that in todays business environment, customer experience is controlled not just by service provider, but also by the influence of devices likes smart phones and internet. Majority of studies has focused on organizations perspective to understand customer experience, however McColl-Kennedy et al., (2015) emphasized on the broad role of customers in customer experience and identifying the dynamic nature of customer experience with time. While identifying the current gap in research on customer experience, the study revealed that customers are no longer a passive recipients of products or services. They are well-informed about their choices and they provides new ideas for service innovation and enhancing customer experience. The study proposed pra ctice-based approach to understand consumer experience and this can be done by focusing customers personal value base and the factors that drive their engagement with product or services. Therefore, the study was successful in proposing future approach needed to evaluate customers perception and change in their experience overtime. Role of technology in customer experience: Internet and other technology have transformed the retail environment too. Currently, retailers are investing in different technology to provide unique customer experience. Blzquez (2014) evaluated the role of technology in enhancing online shopping experience in the fashion industry. The research particularly explored how internet and digital technology has changed the multichannel shopping experiences of consumers. The concept of shopping values was defined in this study by the hedonic and utilitarian value. Hedonic value referred to the emotive element of shopping experience whereas the utilitarian value referred to the task oriented purpose f shopping. Hedonic value may made clear by a shopping experience done for fun and pleasure. Hedonic values has been found to improve consumer loyalty and utilitarian value was considered important for developing positive attitude towards a brand in consumers (Allard, Babin and Chebat 2009). A qualitative survey was done to evaluate the experi ence of consumers in brick and mortar stores and online shopping. The study findings showed that technology was a major motivator for consumers to shop in particular stores. The consumers perception of motivation behind in-store experience, such as the hedonic or utilitarian value was also considered important for multichannel retailer (Blzquez 2014). The strength of this study is that hedonic elements in shopping experience was established and it was found that technology is a good source for retailers to integrate different channels and connect with consumers and provided them good shopping experiences. Although internet was considered to be a threat for future stores, the study gave the implication that customer experience can be improved if service providers think in all channels just like consumers. Link between customer experience and brand loyalty: Several research studies established the link between customer experience management and brand loyalty. So et al. (2016) evaluated the role of customer engagement in improving customer experience and building consumer loyalty. In the tourism industry, a customer engagement strategy is considered important to enhance customer experience and manage customer brand relationship. The review of literatures showed that consumer engagement approaches like online user-generated reviews influenced the rate of online booking and intention to book hotels. This approach is beneficial for organizations to attract and retain more consumers (Sparks and Browning 2011). So et al. (2016) used survey questionnaire methods to evaluate perception of customers related to experience in tourist industry. The study done with consumers gave insight into the role of customer engagement in build customer relationship with brand. The finding supported the fact that customer engagement is a critical factor to unde rstand service brand loyalty factors and including them in their service. Rageh Ismail et al. (2011) also highlighted the evolving nature of customer experience in the marketing discipline. The literature review evaluated the impact of customer experience on brand loyalty. The review pointed out that creating unique experience for consumers has become important to gain competitive advantage in business. Although customer experience is not a new concept, however changes in the definition of customer experience is seen with time. Studies defined customer experience in different ways. In addition, various dimensions of customer experience was also defined such as the number of interactions with brand or the hedonic factor in service experience. Several antecedents to customer experience was also defined such as the brand name, pricing, advertising and core service. All this together shaped the perception regarding service quality and consequently brand loyalty. Once a company is successful in building a loyal customer, their profitability will automatically i ncrease. This is because loyal customers will be less sensitive to price factors and focus more on relationship with the brand. Overall, this study was successful in highlighting different definitions and dimensions of customer experience. It also presented an empirical model to build consumer experience. However, the only gap in this research was that the conceptual research model was not tested for validity. Still, the research gave many important future implications to manage customer experience in organization. Another research contributed to the understanding of the integrated customer experience by connecting the dots between brand experience and brand loyalty. The relationship between customers experience with brand and the brand loyalty component of purchase and attitude was examined by means of survey with 372 consumers. The use of questionnaire supported the collection of data related to experience with a brand, feelings of trust and loyalty towards the brand. The outcome of the study showed that brand experience has a direct relation with brand attachment and brand commitment. However, the research showed no link between brand experience and brand trust. This disparity occurred because brand trust is dependent on level of involvement (Ramaseshan and Stein 2014). This research is significant because past studies focused only on the link between brand experience and customer loyalty, however this study established the link between brand experience and purchase brand loyalty. It also co ntributed to the interpersonal relationship theory. The study gave many managerial implications too by stating that managers should plan strategies to enhance brand-related stimuli such as communication, packaging and environment to influence brand experience. Business organizations have now shifted their strategies focus towards customer satisfaction and customer retention. They consider branding as an important element to establish long-term relationship with customers and enhance their experience with brand. Krystallis and Chrysochou, (2014) include service brand loyalty as a factor to measure customer experience. The on-line survey regarding the research question was done with two industries- the airline industry and the banking industry. The evaluation of both the service showed that value for money was the important brand component for consumers and brand name was not considered important for customers evaluation. The price or good value for money had a major impact on customers decision making. Secondly, the quality of interaction between the service provider and customer determines the consumers satisfaction level. The main strength of this study is that it showed that customers degree of brand loyalty is influenced not only by ove rall customers disposition, but also by brand evidence. The gap in the study is that full detail regarding brand service dimension and communication was not evaluated and future work needs to be done in this area. Strategies to manage customer experience: Customer experience management (CEM) has become a challenging task in todays business environment. The research by Homburg, Jozi?, and Kuehnl (2017) evaluated the changing marketing landscape by evaluating the experience of managers in CEM. The grounded theory approach was used to conduct the study and the perception of manager towards CEM was evaluated. The study findings gave indications about three CEM pattern. Firstly, the participants response revealed a vision towards CE and experiential response orientation. Secondly, firms capability towards CEM was found and most beneficial among them was the adaptability to CEM in different situations. The third pattern focused in cultural mindset and touch point prioritization. Secondly, the final pattern was alliance orientation and touch point journey design. This study has limitation as it is based on grounded theory approach and grounded theory may rely on researchers ability to code qualitative data. However, the strength of the study is that it led to the conceptualization of CEM and this will help to systemize the strategies taken to enhance customer experience in the marketing field. One of the leading business objectives of business leaders today is to build an strong customer experience. Hence, having good understanding about customer experience and their journey with time will have great implications for the success of business firms. This understanding is developed by Lemon and Verhoef (2016) who focused in investigating about the customer experience through customer journey. Developing this concept is considered important because customers now interact with multiple channels to decisions on buying or receiving any service. This research gave information related historical perspective of the roots of customer experience. The review of research literature indicated that customer buying behavior process models, customer satisfaction and loyalty, service quality, relationship marketing, customer engagement and customer relationship management determines customer experience. All these factors were extensively explained in the study. Secondly, the whole customer j ourney was explained through the stages of the total customer experience. The customer journey starts from the prepurchase phase, which involves searching and considering about the goals or impulse associated with a purchase. The second stage is the purchase stage which, involves the process occurring during purchase event such as customers interaction with the brand and its environment. The third phases the interaction with the brand after the purchase event. This was defined by level of usage, number of service or product request and word of mouth praise for products. The touch points involve in customers journey was also defined. The main strength of this research was that it gave holistic view about the integrated customer experience across the customer journey and this knowledge would help to enhance and manage customer experience. Summary The literature review effectively developed the concepts regarding integrated customer experience by systematically presenting key themes. Firstly, the review gave idea about the relevant theories that influence customer experience and act a guideline for improving customers relationship with the brand. Secondly, other themes of changes in customer experience and role of technology in customer experience developed the understanding regarding how customer experience has evolved and innovative methods are needed to attract consumers. Other important theme related link between customer experience and brand loyalty was a positive categorization to fully understanding the method of branding process and tactics to deliver a unique experience to consumers. 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